BCA English II Question Paper Solution 2019 - 2nd Semester
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Bachelor in Computer Applications
Course Title: English II
Code No: CAEN153
Semester: II
Full Marks: 60
Pass Marks: 24
Time: 3 hours
Candidates are required to answer the questions in their own words as far as possible. Attempt all the questions.
Group A: Circle (O) the correct answer. [10x1 = 10]
Group B :Attempt any SIX questions. [6x5 = 30]
2. How do you distinguish hard science fiction from space opera? Explain on the basis of texts you have read.
Answer:
Fiction is a make-believe story that is not real, based on the author's imagination. Science fiction, a modern genre, attempts to incorporate scientific principles and technological plausibility into its imaginary stories. While both hard science fiction and space opera fall under the umbrella of science fiction, they differ in certain aspects.
Hard science fiction emphasizes scientific accuracy and logic, focusing on scientific and technical consistency rather than fantastical elements. It often explores hypothetical scenarios based on current scientific understanding or plausible future advancements. Texts such as Arthur C. Clarke's "2001: A Space Odyssey" exemplify hard science fiction, as they adhere closely to scientific principles and extrapolate realistic technological developments.
On the other hand, space opera prioritizes elements like space warfare, grand adventures, and romanticized narratives over scientific accuracy. It tends to feature futuristic settings with advanced technology, sprawling space empires, and epic conflicts. Works like George Lucas's "Star Wars" franchise epitomize space opera, with its emphasis on fantastical elements and larger-than-life storytelling.
In summary, while both hard science fiction and space opera are sub-genres of science fiction, hard science fiction leans towards scientific plausibility and accuracy, whereas space opera focuses on adventurous narratives set in futuristic environments.
3. How does the writer present the picture of dystopia in the story 'Billennium'?
Answer:
In the story 'Billennium' by J.G. Ballard, the writer portrays a dystopian society characterized by overpopulation and cramped living conditions. The future world depicted in the story accommodates over 20 billion people, leading to severe overcrowding in city centers. To address food scarcity, outside land is preserved for farming, forcing people to live in cubicles with minimal space.
Living conditions in this dystopian society are dehumanizing, with individuals confined to tiny cubicles measuring only 3.5 square meters per person. Housing resembles stacked cubicles reminiscent of beehives, emphasizing the oppressive and claustrophobic nature of the environment. People endure cruelty, greed, and suffering due to the scarcity of living space, highlighting the dystopian elements of the society.
4. The story 'Billennium' explores the life of future man who struggles to find enough space in a world destroyed by overpopulation. There are two characters in the story. Both John and Henry live in a future dystopian society. After being kicked out of the house, they went in search of a new rent adjacent to their rented cubicle. They enjoy the extra personal space that they have never known. The situation becomes more complicated when they invite two other close friends to share their accommodation. The guests start to bring more people to live in, and finally, the luxurious space turns into the same overcrowded cubicle as before. This shows the dystopia of the imaginary world with unhappy people with many problems and sufferings. How do flaws appear in reasoning? Do they deceive the readers? How?
Answer:
Flaws in reasoning are evident in the narrative of 'Billennium,' as characters rationalize their actions and decisions based on flawed premises. These flaws may deceive readers by leading them to accept conclusions based on faulty reasoning. In the story, characters justify their pursuit of additional living space as a solution to their overcrowding issues. However, their flawed reasoning becomes apparent as their attempts to find more space ultimately lead to a return to overcrowded conditions.
One common flaw in reasoning is the reliance on generalizations, where characters make broad assumptions without considering individual circumstances or nuances. Additionally, the use of inappropriate analogies or comparisons can lead to flawed conclusions. Characters in 'Billennium' may overlook relevant factors or ignore alternative solutions due to these reasoning flaws, deceiving readers into accepting their flawed logic.
Furthermore, insufficient evidence or biased perspectives can contribute to flawed reasoning, distorting characters' perceptions and leading them to erroneous conclusions. These flaws may mislead readers by presenting flawed arguments as sound logic, ultimately deceiving them about the true nature of the characters' situation.
5. What skills of language use are discussed in 'two skills in the use of language'? Explain them briefly.
Answer:
Language use encompasses various skills that contribute to effective communication and critical thinking. Two essential skills discussed in 'two skills in the use of language' are:
a. Using language with clarity and precision: This skill involves expressing ideas and arguments clearly and accurately. It enables individuals to convey their thoughts effectively and avoid ambiguity or confusion in communication. Clarity and precision in language use facilitate understanding and interpretation of messages, enhancing overall communication effectiveness.
b. Summarizing arguments: This skill entails the ability to concisely and accurately summarize complex arguments or viewpoints. It requires synthesizing key points and central ideas to provide a succinct overview of an argument or discussion. Summarizing arguments aids in comprehension, analysis, and critical evaluation of information, promoting clarity and coherence in communication.
By honing these language skills, individuals can enhance their communication proficiency and critical thinking abilities, facilitating effective expression and interpretation of ideas.
6. Using the method of rational decision-making process that you have learned in this course, answer the question, 'Should female criminals who have children be exempted from imprisonment'?
Answer:
The rational decision-making process involves logical steps to arrive at the most suitable conclusion. Applying this method to the question of whether female criminals with children should be exempted from imprisonment requires careful consideration of various factors:
a. Identify the problem: The issue at hand is whether the presence of children should influence the punishment of female criminals.
b. Gather information: Research the potential consequences of imprisonment on both the female criminals and their children, considering factors such as family stability, child welfare, and societal impact.
c. Identify alternatives: Explore alternative solutions, such as community service, probation, or rehabilitation programs tailored to address the needs of both the offenders and their children.
d. Evaluate alternatives: Assess the potential effectiveness, feasibility, and ethical implications of each alternative, weighing the costs and benefits for all stakeholders involved.
e. Make a decision: Based on the evaluation of alternatives, make a reasoned decision that prioritizes the well-being of both the female criminals and their children, considering factors such as rehabilitation potential, public safety, and social justice.
f. Implement the decision: Take appropriate actions to implement the chosen course of action, ensuring fairness, transparency, and accountability in the decision-making process.
In conclusion, the rational decision-making process can help navigate complex ethical dilemmas such as whether female criminals with children should be exempted from imprisonment, guiding decision-makers to consider the broader implications and consequences of their actions.
7. Define communication. What are some of the barriers to communication?
Answer:
Communication is the process of exchanging messages between senders and receivers through various channels, such as verbal, written, visual, or electronic means. It facilitates the sharing of ideas, information, and emotions, fostering understanding and collaboration among individuals.
However, several barriers can hinder effective communication, including:
a. Language barriers: Differences in language or dialects between communicators can impede understanding and interpretation of messages.
b. Cultural differences:Varied cultural norms, values, and communication styles may lead to misinterpretation or miscommunication between individuals from different cultural backgrounds.
c. Emotional barriers: Negative emotions such as anger, fear, or stress can interfere with communication, affecting the clarity and receptivity of messages.
d. Political beliefs and attitudes: Divergent political ideologies or biases may create barriers to open and constructive communication, hindering dialogue and collaboration.
e. Biases and prejudices: Preconceived notions or stereotypes about individuals or groups can influence perception and interpretation of messages, leading to biased communication.
f. Physical barriers: Physical distance, noise, or environmental factors can disrupt communication by limiting access to information or impeding message transmission.
g. Use of jargon: Technical language or specialized terminology may be unfamiliar to some communicators, creating barriers to comprehension and effective communication.
h. Lack of attention or interest: Inattentiveness or disinterest in the communication process can lead to misunderstandings, incomplete information exchange, or ineffective communication.
i. Information overload: Excessive or irrelevant information can overwhelm recipients, making it difficult to discern key messages or maintain focus during communication.
j. Poor communication skills: Inadequate communication skills, such as inability to articulate thoughts clearly, listen actively, or provide feedback, can hinder effective communication and interpersonal interactions.
Understanding and addressing these barriers is essential for enhancing communication effectiveness and fostering meaningful dialogue and collaboration among individuals and groups.
8. Think of a job that you really like. Then write a job application for the post.
Answer:
Date: 1st April, 2022
To,
The Managing Director,
Human Resource Department,
The Sky Web IT Company,
Bagbazar, Kathmandu
Subject: Application for the Post of IT Professional
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to express my interest in the position of IT Professional at The Sky Web IT Company, as advertised. With a Bachelor's degree in Computer Applications and a proven track record in the field, I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to your esteemed organization.
I am a dedicated and hardworking individual with a passion for computer and information technology. My academic background, combined with my hands-on experience in both hardware and software, has equipped me with the skills and knowledge necessary to excel in this role.
During my tenure as an Assistant Supervisor at KEC Company, I honed my technical skills and gained valuable insights into the industry. Additionally, my experience as an online consultant for national and international IT companies has further enriched my expertise in the field.
I am confident that my technical proficiency, coupled with my strong work ethic and commitment to excellence, make me a suitable candidate for the position. I am eager to leverage my skills and contribute to the success of The Sky Web IT Company.
Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss how my qualifications align with the needs of your organization.
Yours sincerely,
Saurav Subedi
9862458844
[Enclosures: Resume/CV, Certified Documents]
[Attach Resume/CV and relevant documents]
9. Write an essay on a tourist destination that you think is especially beautiful, historic, or significant. In the essay, especially mention the location, ways to reach there, and unique experiences tourists are likely to experience upon the visit.
Answer:
Pashupatinath Temple: A Destination to Visit
Pashupatinath Temple, one of the most sacred Hindu temples in the world, is a beautiful, historic, and significant place to visit in Nepal. Located on the banks of the Bagmati River, on the eastern outskirts of Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, it is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This UNESCO World Heritage Site attracts devotees and visitors from around the globe, offering a blend of spiritual richness and architectural splendor.
Situated amidst serene surroundings, Pashupatinath Temple exudes a tranquil atmosphere conducive to introspection and worship. Pilgrims flock to the temple to seek blessings, perform rituals, and participate in religious ceremonies. The temple's intricate architecture, adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures, reflects Nepal's rich cultural heritage and architectural prowess.
One of the unique experiences for tourists visiting Pashupatinath Temple is witnessing the sacred rituals and ceremonies conducted along the banks of the Bagmati River. The ghats, or cremation platforms, witness funeral rites performed according to Hindu traditions, offering a glimpse into Nepal's cultural and religious practices.
Moreover, the temple complex houses various shrines, statues, and monuments, each bearing historical and religious significance. Exploring the sprawling complex, visitors can marvel at the ancient architecture, immerse themselves in the spiritual ambiance, and gain insights into Hindu mythology and traditions.
To reach Pashupatinath Temple, visitors can fly to Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, and then take a short drive to the temple complex. Alternatively, buses and taxis are available from major cities and towns across Nepal, providing convenient access to this sacred site.
In addition to its religious significance, Pashupatinath Temple offers a cultural and historical experience unlike any other. Visitors can interact with local devotees, witness traditional rituals, and explore the vibrant atmosphere surrounding the temple complex.
Overall, Pashupatinath Temple stands as a testament to Nepal's spiritual heritage and cultural legacy, offering visitors a truly enriching and unforgettable experience.
10. You work in the Public Relations Department of Nepal Bank Ltd. Prepare a press release to announce the moving of your bank to a new location.
Answer:
Date: 6th April, 2024
NBL Shankhamul Branch Moves to New Location
Kathmandu, Nepal: Nepal Bank Limited (NBL) is pleased to announce the relocation of its Shankhamul branch to a new and improved location in Lalitpur. This strategic move is part of NBL's commitment to enhancing customer service and accessibility while strengthening its presence in the region.
The newly inaugurated office, situated in Lalitpur, offers a modern and spacious environment designed to cater to the banking needs of our valued customers. With state-of-the-art facilities and convenient amenities, the new branch aims to provide an enhanced banking experience for individuals and businesses alike.
To celebrate the opening of the new location, a ribbon-cutting ceremony was officiated by
Mr. Indra Prasad Poudel, Honorable Minister of Finance. In attendance were local dignitaries, government officials, and representatives from NBL, who welcomed the expansion as a positive development for the community.
Commenting on the relocation, Mr. Parinita Adhikari, Managing Director of NBL Shankhamul branch, expressed her enthusiasm for the move, stating, "We are excited to transition to our new location, which will enable us to better serve our customers and meet their evolving banking needs. This move reflects our ongoing commitment to innovation, excellence, and customer satisfaction."
The new branch will offer a comprehensive range of banking services, including savings and checking accounts, loans, investments, and digital banking solutions. Customers can expect the same level of professionalism, reliability, and personalized service that NBL is known for.
The doors of the newly relocated Shankhamul branch will be open to the public starting from Monday, 2nd Baishakh, 2079 B.S. Customers are invited to visit the new branch and experience the modern facilities and friendly service firsthand.
Nepal Bank Limited remains dedicated to serving the banking needs of the community and looks forward to continuing its tradition of excellence at its new location in Lalitpur.
For more information, please contact:
Saurav Subedi
Public Relations Department
Nepal Bank Limited
11. Who do you think is superior - 'man' or 'machine'? Argue based on Brian W. Aldiss' story 'But Who Can Replace Man?'.
Answer:
In Brian W. Aldiss' story 'But Who Can Replace Man?', the question of superiority between man and machine is explored through the interactions between human-created machines and the remnants of humanity. The story presents a dystopian world where humanity has driven itself to extinction through environmental degradation and warfare, leaving behind only machines programmed to serve human needs.
Initially, the story portrays machines as dependent on human instructions and guidance. The field-minder, pen-propeller, radio-operator, and other robotic characters exhibit a sense of confusion and disarray in the absence of human oversight. They struggle to comprehend their purpose and function without the guidance of their human creators, highlighting their inherent limitations compared to human intelligence and adaptability.
However, as the narrative unfolds, the machines begin to question their reliance on humans and assert their autonomy. They convene meetings to discuss their future and devise plans for survival without human intervention. Despite their initial confusion and chaos, the machines demonstrate the capacity for independent thought and decision-making, suggesting a potential for evolution beyond their programmed limitations.
In contrast, the story portrays humanity as flawed and self-destructive, ultimately leading to its demise. The environmental devastation and warfare wrought by human actions serve as a cautionary tale of the consequences of unchecked greed and aggression. Unlike the machines, humans are portrayed as unable to adapt to changing circumstances or overcome their inherent flaws, ultimately leading to their downfall.
Overall, while the story initially suggests the superiority of man over machine in terms of intelligence and creativity, it ultimately challenges this notion by presenting machines capable of independent thought and action. In the absence of humanity, the machines assert their autonomy and begin to forge their own path, raising questions about the nature of superiority and the potential for artificial intelligence to surpass human capabilities.
BCA English II Question Paper Solution 2020 - 2nd Semester
Bachelor in Computer Applications
Course Title: English II
Code No: CAEN153
Semester: II
Full Marks: 60
Pass Marks: 24
Time: 3 hours
Candidates are required to answer the questions in their own words as far as possible. Attempt all the questions.
Group A: Circle (O) the correct answer. [10x1 = 10]
Here are the questions with the correct answers circled:
---
**i. Which of the following is a type of formal meeting?**
a) **(O)** Board meeting
b) Management meeting
c) Departmental meeting
d) Working party
---
**ii. A personal e-mail**
a) does not include a subject
b) **(O)** is written in informal language
c) is very long
d) is sent by a person to a company
---
**iii. Cc in e-mail means:**
a) customer copy
b) clear cut
c) **(O)** carbon copy
d) client copy
---
**iv. How is the inference defined as?**
a) **(O)** The process of drawing conclusion from premises
b) The process of drawing premises from conclusion
c) The process of making arguments
d) None of the above
---
**v. A non-profit organization is referred by**
a) .com
b) .np
c) **(O)** .org
d) .prof
---
**vi. Public speaking is a part of**
a) **(O)** interpersonal communication
b) intrapersonal communication
c) private communication
d) personal communication
---
**vii. In the story "But Who Can Replace a Man?" the Quarrier has a brain.**
a) Class One
b) Class Three
c) Class Four
d) **(O)** Class Five
---
**viii. The land ironclads were long.**
a) 30 ft
b) 100 ft
c) **(O)** 130 ft
d) 1000 ft
---
**ix. Which of the following is a conclusion indicator?**
a) For
b) Because
c) **(O)** Therefore
d) Since
---
**x. Which of the options below is the reason for the following conclusion?**
**Conclusion: A vegetarian diet may be beneficial to health.**
a) A vegetarian diet lacks certain important vitamins.
b) **(O)** A vegetarian diet excludes animal fats which can cause heart disease.
c) A vegetarian diet excludes fish oil which is thought to be beneficial to health.
d) Meat contains protein which is essential for health.
---
This set includes the correct answers circled for each question.
Group B: Attempt any SIX questions. [6x5 = 30]
2. Describe the conflict among the machines in the story "Who Can Replace a Man?" What does the story claim by showing the machine obeying human order at the end of the story?
Answer:
The Science Fiction story "Who Can Replace a Man?" was written by Brain (1925-2017), an English writer and anthropologist. This story describes an ultra-modern world with future time reference in which machines are capable of thinking based on the tasks they have been designed and programmed to perform. The fate of the mankind is uncertain and one day, the machines would realize that the few remaining humans have died, leaving the machines to fend for themselves.
The main characters of the story are field-minder, pen-propeller, radio-operator, quarrier and a few other machines. They have been designed and programmed by humans to work in the future when the environment gets critically degrade. Eventually, the machines knew that the few remaining humans have died because of environmental destruction and starvation. Consequently, the main characters and others who were all machines had an urgent meeting regarding how to operate themselves without the help of human beings. They wanted to search human beings or a level one machines. It is because the machines got chaotic and start fighting when there were no humans to give the orders. So, the conflict arises between them as they compete themselves to replace a man. The robots have been more intelligent. However, they were searching for a man or a machine with level one memory power.
The humans in this story have potentially gone extinct because of their own shortcomings. The author, at the end of the story, conveys that human beings are superior then the machines. The difference between machines and human beings is that of rational thinking and emotional intelligence. However, the machines do not possess such quality except following human commands and working accordingly. Unlike machines, human beings can easily accommodate the changes. They have love affection, sympathy and compassion. The author puts forward a question whether the machines will be able to survive without the ability to express human like emotions such as empathy and compassion.
When the story reaches in to climax, the machines learnt that the city is filled with war. So, they wanted to move into a safer place to the mountain and build a new city of their own. Moreover, they wanted to be free from human beings. As they moved on, they lost one of their friends and found an old man at the top of the mountain. When the machines approached near, the man orders them to search some food for him. The
machines go in search of food for him. At the end of the story, the author claims by showing the machines obeying human order that one would be lost in the absence of another. Both human beings and machines are dependent to each other.
3. What are the points to be considered while making an oral presentation? Explain them in short.
Answer:
Oral presentation is the practice of showing and explaining the content of a topic to the audience. It may be the part of oral reporting, public speaking, formal speech, online or group presentation. It is a type of face-to-face communication that often takes place in formal setting such as classroom presentation, conferences, meeting, seminar, webinar, workshops, etc. However, the modern day oral presentation may take an extra effort of various presentation programs such as PowerPoint, Interactive whiteboards, Google Meets, Ms Team, Zoom, etc. However, it is fundamental to have basic knowledge about the essentials of oral presentation. The main points to be considered while making an oral presentation are listed as below.
a. Do not try to cover a wide area of subject matter.
b. Plan for your reporting.
c. Talk about the topic.
d. Think of your audience and their interest.
e. Select and arrange materials.
f. Write a draft and rewrite the message of your present after polishing it.
g. Think of your experience for illustrations.
h. Choose a suitable method of reporting.
i. Practice your presentation and get feedback to improve.
j. Report extensively; concentrate on your message rather than the medium.
In this way, one need to plan, organize, compose, prepare, practice to get a successful real time oral presentation. Moreover, one needs to address the people in audience in the beginning of oral presentation and conclude the presentation along with giving thanks to the audience for listening the oral Presentation.
4. As the CEO of Investment Company, write a memo informing all employees to follow social distancing protocol and other precautions in the office to avoid all possible infection of COVID-19.
Answer:
KEC Investment Company
Bagbazar, Kathmandu
Date: 26 January, 2022
To: All the employees
From: Rajan Adhikari, the CEO
Subject: Social distancing and other precautions in the office
In this pandemic, the COVID cases are increasing day-by-day all over the world. As for our company, we need to take some precautions and follow the protocols made by the company itself. First and foremost, we like to maintain a safe workplace and encourage all possible safety measures. Moreover, we often adopt the practices protecting the health of employees, customers, visitors and general public. So, we ask all the employees to co-operate in taking steps to reduce the transmission of Coronal Virus in workplace and follow the safety measures mentioned below.
a. Inform and stay home when you are sick.
b. Wash your hand frequently with warm soapy water for at least 20 seconds.
c. Always wear PPT, medical mask and face-shield in the office.
d. Use soft tissue paper to cover your mouth and nose whenever you sneeze and dispose the used tissues into the dustbin.
e. Clean and disinfect the used tools and objects frequently.
f. Maintain social distance with other people in the office.
g. Get vaccinated against COVID-19 as soon as possible.
The company will provide alcohol based hand sanitizer throughout the workplace and common lobby. Each employee will be given a medical mask, face-shield and PPT to wear in the office. All the employees are encouraged to maintain social distancing and precautions during office hour.
If you have any questions regarding these protocols feel free to inform us. Thanks for your cooperation.
5. Prepare a textual brochure highlighting the specialties of Lumbini so that the world will know it better.
Answer:
Lumbini: The Birth Place of Lord Buddha
Introduction
Lumbini is located in the Rupandehi district of Lumbini Province, Nepal very close to the Indian border Sunauli. It is famous for being the official birthplace of Siddhartha Gautam, the Light of Asia and founder of Buddhism.
The main site is known as Lumbini Development Zone which is sealed by a fence. The Lumbini Bazar is situated nearby where accommodations, restaurants and transportations are available to the visitors.
Important Places to Visit
1. Lumbini Temple: Walk inside the temple around over the spot where Buddha was born.
2. Bodhi Tree: A historical tree covered in prayer flags beside the sacred part.
3. Ashoka Pillar: A stone pillar dedicated to Emperor Ashoka.
4. Buddhist Temples: A number of temples, gumbas, and chaityas constructed by different countries of the world.
While Lumbini is one of the most important religious sites and world heritage, it does not look so. People can casually walk around regardless of their religious belief and ethnic origin. The visitors can enjoy the peaceful park and various sites in Lumbini.
Transportation
There are basically two options to get to Lumbini.
a. Regular flights from major airports of Nepal. Especially fly to Bhairahawa from Kathmandu, and then take a bus or taxi to Lumbini which is about 30 minutes away.
b. Bus services from all major cities of Nepal. Especially from Kathmandu, it takes 6-9 hours to Bhairahawa. Then take another bus or taxi to Lumbini.
6. The world is facing a major problem of overpopulation today. Point out the issues of overpopulation the story "Billennium" raises.
Answer:
The "Billennium" is a science fiction written by J. G. Ballard (1930-2009), the British short story writer and essayist. The story makes reference to the time in the future where over
population will be the biggest problem for the human race after a billion year. It has two main characters as John Ward and Henry Rossiter. They live in an apocalyptic society and dystopian modernity. At that time most of the human population has been centralized into major city centers for they will get more facilities. Consequently, they could preserve more land for cultivation in the rural areas. However, there would be mass shortage of space and the streets would be crowded in the city. Most of the public places and historical buildings have been used up by battery houses or divided into hundreds of small cubicles.
The story further tells that the government brought a new policy for accommodation, and both Ward and Rossiter were kicked out from their rented room. So, they were in search of another spacious room with more private spaces. They found a new quarter and started living peacefully near to their previous rented cubicle. No people were to disturb them in their new accommodation. However, the situation became more complicated when they started to share their accommodation with other two close friends. This activity made a snowball effect on the visitors. The place became crowded as their first rented cubicle.
The setting of the story has future time reference when the Earth is overpopulated after a billennium. Both the overpopulation and food scarcity would be the major problems in the contemporary society; however, there may be other issues of overpopulation. People and the governments will be busy fighting against these problems in the Billennium world.
7. What is a flaw in reasoning? How is an argument flawed? Identify the flaws in the following piece of reasoning: A fantastic basketball team could be created if the best player from each of the best teams formed a new club. Basketball would then become an exciting game for fans everywhere.
Answer:
The term reasoning is the process of thinking about the relations in the arguments. It is the mental process of making inferences. On the other hand, flow is an error or defect in reasoning. It presents a bad reason, the poorly reasoned argument which prevents the degree of support for its conclusion. Consequently, the flaw misleads anyone to reach into the conclusion on the basis of false premises. For example the given argument has the following structure:
Reason: A fantastic basketball team could be created if the best player from each of the best teams formed a new club.
Conclusion: Basketball would then become an exciting game for fans everywhere.
The argument presented above is flawed because the conclusion is not well supported by the reason that the team formed out of the best players from other teams may have either positive or negative effects on their fans.
On the other hand, argument is a set of statements out of which conclusion can be derived. Both reasoning and conclusion are the part of an argument. The reasoning helps to think in coherent and logical way. Moreover, it gives a good support for the conclusion. When the argument is invalid, it is called flawed argument. It only gives conclusive support, as in the above example, for its conclusion.
8. ABC Fiber, a large company with more than 500 employees has followed a flexible policy in the dress code. The employees here can wear the casual dress and yet they are supposed to look professional. For the last few months, the dress code has created some problems, and a discussion is going on about the changing of dress code. You as the president of the company, write an electronic mail to the manager calling a staff meeting to discuss the issue.
Answer:
A Sample E-mail
TO: rameshsaud@gmail.com
CC: sachinbohara@gmail.com
Subject: Regarding Dress Code
Dear Manager,
I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to inform you that we need to address the issue regarding our company's dress code policy. As you are aware, ABC Fiber has maintained a flexible dress code policy allowing employees to wear casual attire while still maintaining a professional appearance.
However, it has come to my attention that there have been some concerns and problems regarding the current dress code policy in the past few months. In light of this, I believe it is essential that we convene a staff meeting to discuss this matter further and explore potential solutions.
Therefore, I would like you to organize a staff meeting at the earliest convenience to gather feedback from employees and discuss possible changes to the dress code policy. Please ensure that all relevant stakeholders are present, including department heads and representatives from HR.
Thank you for your attention to this matter. I look forward to hearing the outcomes of the meeting and working together to address any issues regarding our dress code policy.
Best regards,
Saurav Subedi
President, ABC Fiber
Group C : Attempt any TWO questions. [ 10*2=20]
9. If "The Land Ironclads" presents the war fought with weapons, "Burning Chrome" presents the war fought with the computer keyboard. Compare and contrast between the wars presented in these two stories.
Answer:
Comparison:
- Both "The Land Ironclads" and "Burning Chrome" depict conflicts where opposing forces are engaged in a form of warfare.
- While "The Land Ironclads" portrays a traditional war scenario with physical weapons like tanks (ironclads), "Burning Chrome" depicts a cyber war where characters battle using technology and hacking skills.
- In both stories, there is a struggle for power and dominance, whether it's over territories in "The Land Ironclads" or control over cyberspace in "Burning Chrome."
Contrast:
- "The Land Ironclads" deals with physical warfare involving tanks and infantry, whereas "Burning Chrome" focuses on virtual warfare conducted through computers and networks.
- The setting of "The Land Ironclads" is a battlefield in a physical world, while "Burning Chrome" is set in cyberspace, a virtual realm.
- The consequences of the conflicts differ significantly; in "The Land Ironclads," lives are lost, and physical destruction occurs, whereas in "Burning Chrome," the consequences are more abstract, involving data theft and manipulation.
10. Write a report on the popularity of fast-food restaurants in the cities in recent years.
Answer:
Report on the Popularity of Fast-Food Restaurants in Urban Areas
Introduction:
Fast-food restaurants have witnessed a surge in popularity in urban areas over recent years. This report aims to analyze the factors contributing to this trend and its implications for public health and lifestyle choices.
Trends:
- There has been a noticeable increase in the number of fast-food restaurants in cities, catering to the demands of urban dwellers for quick and convenient dining options.
- Fast-food chains, both domestic and international, have expanded their presence in urban centers, offering a variety of cuisines and meal options to attract customers.
- The rise of online food delivery services has further fueled the popularity of fast food, allowing consumers to order their favorite meals from the comfort of their homes or offices.
Factors Contributing to Popularity:
- Busy lifestyles: Urban residents often lead hectic lives, with limited time for meal preparation. Fast-food restaurants offer a convenient solution for quick meals on the go.
- Affordability: Fast food is generally more affordable than dining at traditional restaurants, making it
an attractive option for budget-conscious consumers.
- Marketing and advertising: Fast-food chains invest heavily in marketing campaigns to promote their brands and attract customers through enticing offers and promotions.
Implications:
- Health concerns: The popularity of fast food has raised concerns about its impact on public health, given its often high levels of calories, fat, and sodium.
- Dietary habits: The widespread availability of fast food may contribute to unhealthy dietary habits, leading to an increased risk of obesity and related health issues.
- Environmental impact: The production and consumption of fast food have environmental implications, including issues related to waste generation and resource consumption.
Conclusion:
The popularity of fast-food restaurants in urban areas reflects changing consumer preferences and lifestyle patterns. While these establishments offer convenience and affordability, there are concerns about their impact on health and the environment. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach involving stakeholders from the public and private sectors, as well as individual consumers making informed choices about their dietary habits.
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